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This timeline brings the main facts and characters of human history from the invention of writing (circa 3400 BC) to the present day.
To search for a historical period, choose the desired time (the division is made by centuries). By scrolling down the timeline, the years run into the future. Rolling up, the line goes back in time.
Until the 6th century (BC) | |||
First written system by the Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia (region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East) (culture) |
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| Pyramid building begins in Egypt (technology) | ||
Maritime trade between Egypt and Byblos (present-day Lebanon) (navigation). |
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| Akkadian Empire unifies Mesopotamian city states (politics) | ||
Expansion of the Egyptian Empire to the Middle East (war). |
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| Decay of the Egyptian Empire (peoples) | ||
Phoenicians develop maritime trade in the eastern Mediterranean (navigation) |
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| First Hebrew texts (psalms, ecclesiastes) (religion) | ||
Emergence of the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey, attributed to Homer (literature) |
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| Legendary date of the founding of Carthage by the Phoenicians (colonization) | ||
First Olympic Games (Customs) |
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| Legendary Rome Foundation (Peoples) | ||
Solon begins reforms of Athenian law (politics) |
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| Chaldean Nebuchadnezzar (Nebuchadnezzar 2 °) invades Jerusalem; Israelites are taken into captivity from Babylon (war) | ||
Israelites Return From Babylonian Captivity (Peoples) |
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| Proclamation of the Roman Republic (politics) | ||
Clistenes proclaims the Athenian (political) democratic constitution |
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| Heraclitus Begins Greek Philosophy (Philosophy) | ||
Confucius thought begins to spread in China (philosophy) |
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| Athens leads the League of | ||
Rome expands through Lazio and threatens the Etruscans (war) |
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| Pericles now rules Athens (politics) | ||
Beginning of the Peloponnese War (Athens vs. Sparta) (war) |
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| End of the Peloponnese War, with the victory of Sparta (war) | ||
Socrates is sentenced to death in Athens |
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| Thebes defeats Sparta and dominates Greece (war) | ||
Beginning of the reign of Alexander the Great (Macedonia) (politics) |
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| Alexander becomes lord of the Persian empire; its domains extend to India (war) | ||
Alexander's death and disintegration of his empire (peoples) |
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| Alexandria Library (Northern Egypt) opens with 100,000 volumes (culture) | ||
Emergence of Mayan culture in Guatemala. (people) |
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| Beginning of the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage (war) | ||
Construction begins on the Great Wall of China (technology) |
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| End of the Punic Wars and consolidation of Rome on the western Mediterranean (war) | ||
Gaius and Tiberius Graco Begin Reforms in Rome |
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| Spartacus leads slave revolt against Rome (conflict) | ||
Led by Pompey, Romans dominate Syria and Palestine (war) |
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| Caesar becomes Roman dictator (politics) | ||
Caesar is murdered (politics) |
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| Antonio and Cleopatra commit suicide (politics) | ||
Octavian accepts the title of Augustus, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire (politics) |
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| Romans conquer the Iberian Peninsula and create three provinces, including Lusitania, present-day Portugal (colonization) | ||
Jesus of Nazareth is born (religion) |
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